- Qt 6.9
- Qt OpenGL
- C++ Classes
- QOpenGLFramebufferObject
- Qt 6.9.3 Reference Documentation

# QOpenGLFramebufferObject Class

The QOpenGLFramebufferObject class encapsulates an OpenGL framebuffer object. More...

Header: | `#include <QOpenGLFramebufferObject>`
CMake: | `find_package(Qt6 REQUIRED COMPONENTS OpenGL)` `target_link_libraries(mytarget PRIVATE Qt6::OpenGL)`
qmake: | `QT += opengl`

- List of all members, including inherited members
- QOpenGLFramebufferObject is part of Rendering in 3D.

## Public Types

enum | Attachment { NoAttachment, CombinedDepthStencil, Depth }
enum | FramebufferRestorePolicy { DontRestoreFramebufferBinding, RestoreFramebufferBindingToDefault, RestoreFrameBufferBinding }

## Public Functions

| QOpenGLFramebufferObject(const QSize &size, GLenum target = GL_TEXTURE_2D)
| QOpenGLFramebufferObject(const QSize &size, const QOpenGLFramebufferObjectFormat &format)
| QOpenGLFramebufferObject(int width, int height, GLenum target = GL_TEXTURE_2D)
| QOpenGLFramebufferObject(int width, int height, const QOpenGLFramebufferObjectFormat &format)
| QOpenGLFramebufferObject(const QSize &size, QOpenGLFramebufferObject::Attachment attachment, GLenum target = GL_TEXTURE_2D, GLenum internalFormat = 0)
| QOpenGLFramebufferObject(int width, int height, QOpenGLFramebufferObject::Attachment attachment, GLenum target = GL_TEXTURE_2D, GLenum internalFormat = 0)
virtual | ~QOpenGLFramebufferObject()
void | addColorAttachment(const QSize &size, GLenum internalFormat = 0)
void | addColorAttachment(int width, int height, GLenum internalFormat = 0)
QOpenGLFramebufferObject::Attachment | attachment() const
bool | bind()
QOpenGLFramebufferObjectFormat | format() const
GLuint | handle() const
int | height() const
bool | isBound() const
bool | isValid() const
bool | release()
void | setAttachment(QOpenGLFramebufferObject::Attachment attachment)
QSize | size() const
QList<QSize> | sizes() const
GLuint | takeTexture()
GLuint | takeTexture(int colorAttachmentIndex)
GLuint | texture() const
QList<GLuint> | textures() const
QImage | toImage(bool flipped = true) const
QImage | toImage(bool flipped, int colorAttachmentIndex) const
int | width() const

## Static Public Members

bool | bindDefault()
void | blitFramebuffer(QOpenGLFramebufferObject *target, const QRect &targetRect, QOpenGLFramebufferObject *source, const QRect &sourceRect, GLbitfield buffers, GLenum filter, int readColorAttachmentIndex, int drawColorAttachmentIndex, QOpenGLFramebufferObject::FramebufferRestorePolicy restorePolicy)
void | blitFramebuffer(QOpenGLFramebufferObject *target, QOpenGLFramebufferObject *source, GLbitfield buffers = GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT, GLenum filter = GL_NEAREST)
void | blitFramebuffer(QOpenGLFramebufferObject *target, const QRect &targetRect, QOpenGLFramebufferObject *source, const QRect &sourceRect, GLbitfield buffers = GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT, GLenum filter = GL_NEAREST)
void | blitFramebuffer(QOpenGLFramebufferObject *target, const QRect &targetRect, QOpenGLFramebufferObject *source, const QRect &sourceRect, GLbitfield buffers, GLenum filter, int readColorAttachmentIndex, int drawColorAttachmentIndex)
bool | hasOpenGLFramebufferBlit()
bool | hasOpenGLFramebufferObjects()

## Detailed Description

The QOpenGLFramebufferObject class encapsulates an OpenGL framebuffer object, defined by the `GL_EXT_framebuffer_object` extension. It provides a rendering surface that can be painted on with a QPainter with the help of QOpenGLPaintDevice, or rendered to using native OpenGL calls. This surface can be bound and used as a regular texture in your own OpenGL drawing code. By default, the QOpenGLFramebufferObject class generates a 2D OpenGL texture (using the `GL_TEXTURE_2D` target), which is used as the internal rendering target.

It is important to have a current OpenGL context when creating a QOpenGLFramebufferObject, otherwise initialization will fail.

Create the QOpenGLFrameBufferObject instance with the CombinedDepthStencil attachment if you want QPainter to render correctly. Note that you need to create a QOpenGLFramebufferObject with more than one sample per pixel for primitives to be antialiased when drawing using a QPainter. To create a multisample framebuffer object you should use one of the constructors that take a QOpenGLFramebufferObjectFormat parameter, and set the QOpenGLFramebufferObjectFormat::samples() property to a non-zero value.

For multisample framebuffer objects a color render buffer is created, otherwise a texture with the specified texture target is created. The color render buffer or texture will have the specified internal format, and will be bound to the `GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0` attachment in the framebuffer object.

Multiple render targets are also supported, in case the OpenGL implementation supports this. Here there will be multiple textures (or, in case of multisampling, renderbuffers) present and each of them will get attached to `GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0`, `1`, `2`, ...

If you want to use a framebuffer object with multisampling enabled as a texture, you first need to copy from it to a regular framebuffer object using QOpenGLContext::blitFramebuffer().

It is possible to draw into a QOpenGLFramebufferObject using QPainter and QOpenGLPaintDevice in a separate thread.

## Member Type Documentation

### enum QOpenGLFramebufferObject::Attachment

This enum type is used to configure the depth and stencil buffers attached to the framebuffer object when it is created.

Constant | Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`QOpenGLFramebufferObject::NoAttachment` | `0` | No attachment is added to the framebuffer object. Note that the OpenGL depth and stencil tests won't work when rendering to a framebuffer object without any depth or stencil buffers. This is the default value.
`QOpenGLFramebufferObject::CombinedDepthStencil` | `1` | If the `GL_EXT_packed_depth_stencil` extension is present, a combined depth and stencil buffer is attached. If the extension is not present, only a depth buffer is attached.
`QOpenGLFramebufferObject::Depth` | `2` | A depth buffer is attached to the framebuffer object.

See also attachment().

### enum QOpenGLFramebufferObject::FramebufferRestorePolicy

This enum type is used to configure the behavior related to restoring framebuffer bindings when calling blitFramebuffer().

Constant | Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`QOpenGLFramebufferObject::DontRestoreFramebufferBinding` | `0` | Do not restore the previous framebuffer binding. The caller is responsible for tracking and setting the framebuffer binding as needed.
`QOpenGLFramebufferObject::RestoreFramebufferBindingToDefault` | `1` | After the blit operation, bind the default framebuffer.
`QOpenGLFramebufferObject::RestoreFrameBufferBinding` | `2` | Restore the previously bound framebuffer. This is potentially expensive because of the need to query the currently bound framebuffer.

See also blitFramebuffer().

## Member Function Documentation

### `[explicit]` QOpenGLFramebufferObject::QOpenGLFramebufferObject(const QSize &size, GLenum target = GL_TEXTURE_2D)

Constructs an OpenGL framebuffer object and binds a 2D OpenGL texture to the buffer of the size size. The texture is bound to the `GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0` target in the framebuffer object.

The target parameter is used to specify the OpenGL texture target. The default target is `GL_TEXTURE_2D`. Keep in mind that `GL_TEXTURE_2D` textures must have a power of 2 width and height (e.g. 256x512), unless you are using OpenGL 2.0 or higher.

By default, no depth and stencil buffers are attached. This behavior can be toggled using one of the overloaded constructors.

The default internal texture format is `GL_RGBA8` for desktop OpenGL, and `GL_RGBA` for OpenGL/ES.

It is important that you have a current OpenGL context set when creating the QOpenGLFramebufferObject, otherwise the initialization will fail.

See also size(), texture(), and attachment().

### QOpenGLFramebufferObject::QOpenGLFramebufferObject(const QSize &size, const QOpenGLFramebufferObjectFormat &format)

Constructs an OpenGL framebuffer object of the given size based on the supplied format.

### QOpenGLFramebufferObject::QOpenGLFramebufferObject(int width, int height, GLenum target = GL_TEXTURE_2D)

Constructs an OpenGL framebuffer object and binds a 2D OpenGL texture to the buffer of the given width and height.

See also size() and texture().

### QOpenGLFramebufferObject::QOpenGLFramebufferObject(int width, int height, const QOpenGLFramebufferObjectFormat &format)

Constructs an OpenGL framebuffer object of the given width and height based on the supplied format.

### QOpenGLFramebufferObject::QOpenGLFramebufferObject(const QSize &size, QOpenGLFramebufferObject::Attachment attachment, GLenum target = GL_TEXTURE_2D, GLenum internalFormat = 0)

Constructs an OpenGL framebuffer object and binds a texture to the buffer of the given size.

The attachment parameter describes the depth/stencil buffer configuration, target the texture target and internalFormat the internal texture format. The default texture target is `GL_TEXTURE_2D`, while the default internal format is `GL_RGBA8` for desktop OpenGL and `GL_RGBA` for OpenGL/ES.

See also size(), texture(), and attachment().

### QOpenGLFramebufferObject::QOpenGLFramebufferObject(int width, int height, QOpenGLFramebufferObject::Attachment attachment, GLenum target = GL_TEXTURE_2D, GLenum internalFormat = 0)

Constructs an OpenGL framebuffer object and binds a texture to the buffer of the given width and height.

The attachment parameter describes the depth/stencil buffer configuration, target the texture target and internalFormat the internal texture format. The default texture target is `GL_TEXTURE_2D`, while the default internal format is `GL_RGBA8` for desktop OpenGL and `GL_RGBA` for OpenGL/ES.

See also size(), texture(), and attachment().

### `[virtual noexcept]` QOpenGLFramebufferObject::~QOpenGLFramebufferObject()

Destroys the framebuffer object and frees any allocated resources.

### void QOpenGLFramebufferObject::addColorAttachment(const QSize &size, GLenum internalFormat = 0)

Creates and attaches an additional texture or renderbuffer of size width and height.

There is always an attachment at GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0. Call this function to set up additional attachments at GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT1, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT2, ...

When internalFormat is not `0`, it specifies the internal format of the texture or renderbuffer. Otherwise a default of GL_RGBA or GL_RGBA8 is used.

Note: This is only functional when multiple render targets are supported by the OpenGL implementation. When that is not the case, the function will not add any additional color attachments. Call QOpenGLFunctions::hasOpenGLFeature() with QOpenGLFunctions::MultipleRenderTargets at runtime to check if MRT is supported.

Note: The internal format of the color attachments may differ but there may be limitations on the supported combinations, depending on the drivers.

Note: The size of the color attachments may differ but rendering is limited to the area that fits all the attachments, according to the OpenGL specification. Some drivers may not be fully conformant in this respect, however.

### void QOpenGLFramebufferObject::addColorAttachment(int width, int height, GLenum internalFormat = 0)

Creates and attaches an additional texture or renderbuffer of size width and height.

When internalFormat is not `0`, it specifies the internal format of the texture or renderbuffer. Otherwise a default of GL_RGBA or GL_RGBA8 is used.

This is an overloaded function.

### QOpenGLFramebufferObject::Attachment QOpenGLFramebufferObject::attachment() const

Returns the status of the depth and stencil buffers attached to this framebuffer object.

See also setAttachment().

### bool QOpenGLFramebufferObject::bind()

Switches rendering from the default, windowing system provided framebuffer to this framebuffer object. Returns `true` upon success, false otherwise.

Note: If takeTexture() was called, a new texture is created and associated with the framebuffer object. This is potentially expensive and changes the context state (the currently bound texture).

See also release().

### `[static]` bool QOpenGLFramebufferObject::bindDefault()

Switches rendering back to the default, windowing system provided framebuffer. Returns `true` upon success, false otherwise.

See also bind() and release().

### `[static]` void QOpenGLFramebufferObject::blitFramebuffer(QOpenGLFramebufferObject *target, const QRect &targetRect, QOpenGLFramebufferObject *source, const QRect &sourceRect, GLbitfield buffers, GLenum filter, int readColorAttachmentIndex, int drawColorAttachmentIndex, QOpenGLFramebufferObject::FramebufferRestorePolicy restorePolicy)

Blits from the sourceRect rectangle in the source framebuffer object to the targetRect rectangle in the target framebuffer object.

If source or target is 0, the default framebuffer will be used instead of a framebuffer object as source or target respectively.

This function will have no effect unless hasOpenGLFramebufferBlit() returns true.

The buffers parameter should be a mask consisting of any combination of `GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT`, `GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT`, and `GL_STENCIL_BUFFER_BIT`. Any buffer type that is not present both in the source and target buffers is ignored.

The sourceRect and targetRect rectangles may have different sizes; in this case buffers should not contain `GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT` or `GL_STENCIL_BUFFER_BIT`. The filter parameter should be set to `GL_LINEAR` or `GL_NEAREST`, and specifies whether linear or nearest interpolation should be used when scaling is performed.

If source equals target a copy is performed within the same buffer. Results are undefined if the source and target rectangles overlap and have different sizes. The sizes must also be the same if any of the framebuffer objects are multisample framebuffers.

Note: The scissor test will restrict the blit area if enabled.

When multiple render targets are in use, readColorAttachmentIndex and drawColorAttachmentIndex specify the index of the color attachments in the source and destination framebuffers.

The restorePolicy determines if the framebuffer that was bound prior to calling this function should be restored, or if the default framebuffer should be bound before returning, of if the caller is responsible for tracking and setting the bound framebuffer. Restoring the previous framebuffer can be relatively expensive due to the call to `glGetIntegerv` which on some OpenGL drivers may imply a pipeline stall.

See also hasOpenGLFramebufferBlit().

### `[static]` void QOpenGLFramebufferObject::blitFramebuffer(QOpenGLFramebufferObject *target, QOpenGLFramebufferObject *source, GLbitfield buffers = GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT, GLenum filter = GL_NEAREST)

Convenience overload to blit between two framebuffer objects.

This is an overloaded function.

### `[static]` void QOpenGLFramebufferObject::blitFramebuffer(QOpenGLFramebufferObject *target, const QRect &targetRect, QOpenGLFramebufferObject *source, const QRect &sourceRect, GLbitfield buffers = GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT, GLenum filter = GL_NEAREST)

* Convenience overload to blit between two framebuffer objects.

This is an overloaded function.

### `[static]` void QOpenGLFramebufferObject::blitFramebuffer(QOpenGLFramebufferObject *target, const QRect &targetRect, QOpenGLFramebufferObject *source, const QRect &sourceRect, GLbitfield buffers, GLenum filter, int readColorAttachmentIndex, int drawColorAttachmentIndex)

Convenience overload to blit between two framebuffer objects and to restore the previous framebuffer binding. Equivalent to calling blitFramebuffer(target, targetRect, source, sourceRect, buffers, filter, readColorAttachmentIndex, drawColorAttachmentIndex, RestoreFrameBufferBinding).

This is an overloaded function.

### QOpenGLFramebufferObjectFormat QOpenGLFramebufferObject::format() const

Returns the format of this framebuffer object.

### GLuint QOpenGLFramebufferObject::handle() const

Returns the OpenGL framebuffer object handle for this framebuffer object (returned by the `glGenFrameBuffersEXT()` function). This handle can be used to attach new images or buffers to the framebuffer. The user is responsible for cleaning up and destroying these objects.

### `[static]` bool QOpenGLFramebufferObject::hasOpenGLFramebufferBlit()

Returns `true` if the OpenGL `GL_EXT_framebuffer_blit` extension is present on this system; otherwise returns `false`.

See also blitFramebuffer().

### `[static]` bool QOpenGLFramebufferObject::hasOpenGLFramebufferObjects()

Returns `true` if the OpenGL `GL_EXT_framebuffer_object` extension is present on this system; otherwise returns `false`.

### int QOpenGLFramebufferObject::height() const

Returns the height of the framebuffer object attachments.

### bool QOpenGLFramebufferObject::isBound() const

Returns `true` if the framebuffer object is currently bound to the current context, otherwise false is returned.

### bool QOpenGLFramebufferObject::isValid() const

Returns `true` if the framebuffer object is valid.

The framebuffer can become invalid if the initialization process fails, the user attaches an invalid buffer to the framebuffer object, or a non-power of two width/height is specified as the texture size if the texture target is `GL_TEXTURE_2D`. The non-power of two limitation does not apply if the OpenGL version is 2.0 or higher, or if the GL_ARB_texture_non_power_of_two extension is present.

The framebuffer can also become invalid if the QOpenGLContext that the framebuffer was created within is destroyed and there are no other shared contexts that can take over ownership of the framebuffer.

### bool QOpenGLFramebufferObject::release()

Switches rendering back to the default, windowing system provided framebuffer. Returns `true` upon success, false otherwise.

See also bind().

### void QOpenGLFramebufferObject::setAttachment(QOpenGLFramebufferObject::Attachment attachment)

Sets the attachments of the framebuffer object to attachment.

This can be used to free or reattach the depth and stencil buffer attachments as needed.

Note: This function alters the current framebuffer binding.

See also attachment().

### QSize QOpenGLFramebufferObject::size() const

Returns the size of the color and depth/stencil attachments attached to this framebuffer object.

### QList<QSize> QOpenGLFramebufferObject::sizes() const

Returns the sizes of all color attachments attached to this framebuffer object.

### GLuint QOpenGLFramebufferObject::takeTexture()

Returns the texture id for the texture attached to this framebuffer object. The ownership of the texture is transferred to the caller.

If the framebuffer object is currently bound, an implicit release() will be done. During the next call to bind() a new texture will be created.

If a multisample framebuffer object is used, then there is no texture and the return value from this function will be invalid. Similarly, incomplete framebuffer objects will also return 0.

See also texture(), bind(), and release().

### GLuint QOpenGLFramebufferObject::takeTexture(int colorAttachmentIndex)

Returns the texture id for the texture attached to the color attachment of index colorAttachmentIndex of this framebuffer object. The ownership of the texture is transferred to the caller.

When colorAttachmentIndex is `0`, the behavior is identical to the parameter-less variant of this function.

If the framebuffer object is currently bound, an implicit release() will be done. During the next call to bind() a new texture will be created.

If a multisample framebuffer object is used, then there is no texture and the return value from this function will be invalid. Similarly, incomplete framebuffer objects will also return 0.

This is an overloaded function.

### GLuint QOpenGLFramebufferObject::texture() const

Returns the texture id for the texture attached as the default rendering target in this framebuffer object. This texture id can be bound as a normal texture in your own OpenGL code.

If a multisample framebuffer object is used then the value returned from this function will be invalid.

When multiple textures are attached, the return value is the ID of the first one.

See also takeTexture() and textures().

### QList<GLuint> QOpenGLFramebufferObject::textures() const

Returns the texture id for all attached textures.

If a multisample framebuffer object is used, then an empty vector is returned.

See also takeTexture() and texture().

### QImage QOpenGLFramebufferObject::toImage(bool flipped = true) const

Returns the contents of this framebuffer object as a QImage.

If flipped is true the image is flipped from OpenGL coordinates to raster coordinates. If used together with QOpenGLPaintDevice, flipped should be the opposite of the value of QOpenGLPaintDevice::paintFlipped().

The returned image has a format of premultiplied ARGB32 or RGB32. The latter is used only when internalTextureFormat() is set to `GL_RGB`. Since Qt 5.2 the function will fall back to premultiplied RGBA8888 or RGBx8888 when reading to (A)RGB32 is not supported, and this includes OpenGL ES. Since Qt 5.4 an A2BGR30 image is returned if the internal format is RGB10_A2, and since Qt 5.12 a RGBA64 image is return if the internal format is RGBA16.

If the rendering in the framebuffer was not done with premultiplied alpha in mind, create a wrapper QImage with a non-premultiplied format. This is necessary before performing operations like QImage::save() because otherwise the image data would get unpremultiplied, even though it was not premultiplied in the first place. To create such a wrapper without performing a copy of the pixel data, do the following:

     QImage fboImage(fbo.toImage());
     QImage image(fboImage.constBits(), fboImage.width(), fboImage.height(), QImage::Format_ARGB32);

For multisampled framebuffer objects the samples are resolved using the `GL_EXT_framebuffer_blit` extension. If the extension is not available, the contents of the returned image is undefined.

For singlesampled framebuffers the contents is retrieved via `glReadPixels`. This is a potentially expensive and inefficient operation. Therefore it is recommended that this function is used as seldom as possible.

See also QOpenGLPaintDevice::paintFlipped().

### QImage QOpenGLFramebufferObject::toImage(bool flipped, int colorAttachmentIndex) const

Returns the contents of the color attachment of index colorAttachmentIndex of this framebuffer object as a QImage. This method flips the image from OpenGL coordinates to raster coordinates when flipped is set to `true`.

Note: This overload is only fully functional when multiple render targets are supported by the OpenGL implementation. When that is not the case, only one color attachment will be set up.

This is an overloaded function.

### int QOpenGLFramebufferObject::width() const

Returns the width of the framebuffer object attachments.